13.220.99 (Other standards related to fire protect 标准查询与下载

ASTM E1618-14 使用气相色谱-质谱分析法对火焰碎片样品提炼物中可燃液体残留物的标准试验方法

4.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigator's opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of the fire. 4.1.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation may reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues. 4.1.2 Because of the volatility of ignitable liquids and variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene. 4.2 Materials normally found in a building, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, will form pyrolysis and combustion products. Extracted ion profiling and target compound identification techniques described herein may facilitate the identification of an ignitable liquid in the extract by reducing interference by components generated as products of pyrolysis. 1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents. 1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis and combustion products. This test method is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This practice cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM E2886/E2886M-14 用于评估外部通风口抗余烬和直接火焰冲击进入的能力的标准试验方法

5.1 This test method evaluates the ability of exterior vents that mount vertically or horizontally to resist the entry of embers and flame penetration through the vent.Note 3—A comparison study between the vertical air flow apparatus and a horizontal air flow apparatus, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), has been conducted. A summary of the results of that comparison study are presented in Section X1.3 of the Appendix. 5.2 Flame Intrusion Test—Refer to the Significant and Use Section in Test Method E2912 for information related to the direct flame impingement on the vent. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard prescribes two individual methods to evaluate the ability of a gable end, crawl space (foundation) and other vents that mount on a vertical wall or in the under-eave area to resist the entry through the vent opening of embers and flame. The ability of such vents to completely exclude entry of flames or embers is not evaluated. Roof ridge and off-ridge (field) vents are excluded from this standard. Acceptance criteria are not provided in this standard.Note 1—Test Method E2912 records information relevant to evaluate completely excluding the entry of flames through the venting device. 1.2 Ember entry and flame penetration are evaluated separately using different test procedures. A commentary and summary of the development of the ember test apparatus are given in Appendix X1. 1.3 These laboratory tests are used to evaluate the response of vents when subjected to ember and flame exposures under controlled conditions. 1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.5 Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance for dimensions in figures and text in this document shall be ±5 %. 1.6 This test method does not address interior fire spread. 1.7 The standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessments of the materials, products or assemblies and other cladding materials under actual fire conditions. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement

ASTM E2912-13 排放结构中非机械防火挡板燃烧标准试验方法

5.1 This test method provides for the following observations, measurements and evaluations of an open state during the test fire. 5.1.1 Ability of the test specimen to resist the passage of flames, radiation, and hot gases caused by sudden direct flame impingement. 5.1.2 Transmission of heat through the test specimen. 5.2 This test method does not provide the following: 5.2.1 Evaluation of the degree to which the test assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion. 5.2.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the test specimen or the test assembly. 5.2.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test specimen or the test assembly. 5.2.4 Durability of the test specimen or test assembly under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature. 5.2.5 Effects of a load on the test specimen or test assembly. 5.2.6 Any other attributes of the test specimen or the test assembly, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth. 5.3 The results of this test method shall not be used as an alternative to, or a substitute for, requirements for a required fire resistance rating of building construction. 1.1 This fire-test-response standard assesses the ability of non-mechanical fire dampers used in vented construction in its open state to limit passage of hot gases, radiation, and flames during a prescribed fire test exposure. The fire exposure condition in this test method is sudden direct flame impingement, which produces these hot gases, radiation, and flames.Note 1—Non-mechanical fire dampers can be used in vented construction. Vented constructions may be parts of buildings including walls, floors, ceilings and concealed spaces and cavities used for air transfer and to allow ventilation in structures without ductwork. Non-mechanical fire dampers can be located adjacent to combustible construction or materials and situated in exposed or concealed locations, or both. Unlike typical fire resistive assemblies, vented construction uses non-mechanical fire dampers to allow air transfer without the use of ducts. Resistance to flame, radiation, and hot gases may be requirements when direct flame impingement is a credible risk, or when no penetration of flames is required by the authority having jurisdiction, or both. The proposed test method provides procedures that enable an assessment of this direct flame impingement on non-mechanical fire dampers. This test method does not alter any requirements for non-mechanical fire dampers used in fire resistance rated construction and assemblies. 1.2 This fire-test-response standard is intended to......

Standard Test Method for Fire Test of Non-Mechanical Fire Dampers Used in Vented Construction

ASTM E1413-13 采用动态顶部空间浓缩法对燃烧残骸试样中可燃性液体残留物进行分离的标准实施规程

4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), see Test Method E1618. 4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 0.1 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample 4.2.1 Actual recovery will vary, depending on several factors, including adsorption temperature, container size, and competition from the sample matrix. 4.3 This is a potentially destructive technique. Portions of the sample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable for re-sampling. Therefore, a portion of the sample extract should be saved for potential future analysis. Consider using passive headspace concentration as described in Practice E1412. 1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using the method of dynamic headspace concentration. 1.2 Dynamic headspace concentration uses adsorption and subsequent solvent elution or thermal desorption. 1.3 Both positive and negative pressure systems for adsorption are described, as well as a thermal desorption system. 1.4 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample. 1.5 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2. If archival of the extract is of importance, then this practice’s thermal desorption procedure, SPME (Practice E2154), and headspace (Practice E1388) sample separation techniques are not recommended unless a portion of the extract can be split and retained. In order to have an archivable extract, then this practice’s sample collection on charcoal, solvent extraction (Practice E1386), or passive headspace concentration (Practice E1412) is recommended. 1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration

ASTM F2877-13 A级钢或者铝结构绝缘冲击试验的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method evaluates the ability of a non-combustible passive fire protection system installed on structural divisions on commercial ships to function after shock loading. 4.2 The shock loading is accomplished by conducting impact testing of a test specimen consisting of insulation on a standard steel or aluminum structural core installed on a medium weight shock test machine. 4.3 Following the shock testing the shocked test specimen and an unshocked test specimen are tested for fire resistance. Both shocked and unshocked test specimens are installed side-by-side in a fixture and fire tested at the same time. 4.4 The fire resistance for both specimens is measured and recorded. 4.5 Other passive fire protection systems using the same insulation materials and attachment methods and having lower fire resistance ratings will be accepted without additional shock testing. 1.1 The purpose of the specification is to evaluate insulation installed on steel or aluminum structural division as defined in IMO resolution A.754 (18) to ensure the insulation is not degraded in the event of a shock. 1.2 The non-combustible passive fire protection insulation shall be installed, which will meet the highest level of commercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fire resistance will be allowed without additional shock testing. 1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shock Testing of Structural Insulation of A-Class Divisions Constructed of Steel or Aluminum

ASTM F2877/F2877M-13e1 钢或铝结构A级分类的结构绝缘振动测试的标准试验方法

4.1 This test method evaluates the ability of a non-combustible passive fire protection system installed on structural divisions on commercial ships to function after shock loading. 4.2 The shock loading is accomplished by conducting impact testing of a test specimen consisting of insulation on a standard steel or aluminum structural core installed on a medium weight shock test machine. 4.3 Following the shock testing the shocked test specimen and an unshocked test specimen are tested for fire resistance. Both shocked and unshocked test specimens are installed side-by-side in a fixture and fire tested at the same time. 4.4 The fire resistance for both specimens is measured and recorded. 4.5 Other passive fire protection systems using the same insulation materials and attachment methods and having lower fire resistance ratings will be accepted without additional shock testing. 1.1 The purpose of the specification is to evaluate insulation installed on steel or aluminum structural division as defined in IMO resolution A.754 (18) to ensure the insulation is not degraded in the event of a shock. 1.2 The non-combustible passive fire protection insulation shall be installed, which will meet the highest level of commercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fire resistance will be allowed without additional shock testing. 1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shock Testing of Structural Insulation of A-Class Divisions Constructed of Steel or Aluminum

ASTM E1388-12 从火烧瓦砾样品中进行液上蒸气取样的标准操作规程

This procedure is particularly useful for screening fire debris samples to determine relative ignitable liquid concentrations and possible ignitable liquid class prior to extraction with other techniques. This practice is useful when volatile oxygenated products such as alcohols or lacquer thinners are suspected. This practice is the least sensitive of the sample preparation techniques and may not detect quantities of less than 10 μL of an ignitable liquid. Because this separation takes place in a closed container, the sample remains in approximately the same condition in which it was submitted. Repeat and interlaboratory analyses are therefore possible. Due to variables in the debris sample condition prior to headspace sampling, complete reproducibility of chromatograms may be difficult to obtain. To obtain greater reproducibility, use one of the separation procedures which results in a solution of the ignitable liquid residue (see Practices E1386, E1412, and E1413). To obtain greater sensitivity for petroleum distillates and oxygenated products, use solid phase microextraction. (See Practice E2154.) High concentrations of highly volatile compounds may swamp the headspace, inhibiting the recovery of less volatile components.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid vapor from samples of fire debris by sampling the headspace of the debris container. 1.2 Separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (See Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, and E2154.) 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling of Headspace Vapors from Fire Debris Samples

ASTM F2877-11e1 钢或铝结构A等级分类的结构绝缘振动测试的标准试验方法

This test method evaluates the ability of a non-combustible passive fire protection system installed on structural divisions on commercial ships to function after shock loading. The shock loading is accomplished by conducting impact testing of a test specimen consisting of insulation on a standard steel or aluminum structural core installed on a medium weight shock test machine. Following the shock testing the shocked test specimen and an unshocked test specimen are tested for fire resistance. Both shocked and unshocked test specimens are installed side-by-side in a fixture and fire tested at the same time. The fire resistance for both specimens is measured and recorded. Other passive fire protection systems using the same insulation materials and attachment methods and having lower fire resistance ratings will be accepted without additional shock testing.1.1 The purpose of the specification is to evaluate insulation installed on steel or aluminum structural division as defined in IMO resolution A.754 (18) to ensure the insulation is not degraded in the event of a shock. 1.2 The non-combustible passive fire protection insulation shall be installed, which will meet the highest level of commercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fire resistance will be allowed without additional shock testing. 1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions. 1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests. 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Shock Testing of Structural Insulation of A-Class Divisions Constructed of Steel or Aluminum

ASTM E1618-11 采用气相色谱-质谱分析法确定火烧残渣提取物中可燃性液体残余物标准试验方法

The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigator's opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of the fire. The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation may reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues. Because of the volatility of ignitable liquids and variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene. Materials normally found in a building, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, will form pyrolysis and combustion products. Extracted ion profiling and target compound identification techniques described herein may facilitate the identification of an ignitable liquid in the extract by reducing interference by components generated as products of pyrolysis. 1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents. 1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis and combustion products. This test method is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM E1618-10 使用气相色谱-质谱分析法测定火场碎屑样品的提取物中的可点燃液态残渣的标准试验方法

The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigator's opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of the fire. The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation may reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues. Because of the volatility of ignitable liquids and variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene. Materials normally found in a building, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, will form pyrolysis and combustion products. Extracted ion profiling and target compound identification techniques described herein may facilitate the identification of an ignitable liquid in the extract by reducing interference by components generated as products of pyrolysis. 1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents. 1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis and combustion products. This test method is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM G145-08 研究氧气系统中火灾的指南

This guide helps those studying oxygen system incidents to select a direct cause hypothesis and to avoid conclusions based on hypotheses, however plausible, that have proven faulty in the past.1.1 This guide covers procedures and material for examining fires in oxygen systems for the purposes of identifying potential causes and preventing recurrence. 1.2 This guide is not comprehensive. The analysis of oxygen fire incidents is not a science, and definitive causes have not been established for some events. 1.3 The procedures and analyses in this guide have been found to be useful for interpreting fire events, for helping identify potential causes, and for excluding other potential causes. The inclusion or omission of any analytical strategy is not intended to suggest either applicability or inapplicability of that method in any actual incident study. Note 18212;Although this guide has been found applicable for assisting qualified technical personnel to analyze incidents, each incident is unique and must be approached as a unique event. Therefore, the selection of specific tactics and the sequence of application of those tactics must be conscious decisions of those studying the event. Note 28212;The incident may require the formation of a team to provide the necessary expertise and experience to conduct the study. The personnel analyzing an incident, or at least one member of the team, should know the process under study and the equipment installation. 1.4 Warning8212;During combustion, gases, vapors, aerosols, fumes, or combinations thereof, are evolved, which may be present and may be hazardous to people. Caution—Adequate precautions should be taken to protect those conducting a study. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Guide for Studying Fire Incidents in Oxygen Systems

ASTM E1412-07 用被动顶空活性碳浓缩法从火烧瓦砾样品中分离可燃液体残渣的标准实施规程

This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography, GC/MS, or GC/IR. This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 1/10 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent with a solvent.1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (see Practices E 1385, E 1386, E 1388, and E 1413).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration With Activated Charcoal

ASTM E1413-07 用动态顶部空间浓缩法测定燃烧残骸试样中可燃性液态残渣的分离和浓度的标准实施规程

This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for later analysis by gas chromatography, GC/MS, or GC/IR. This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating quantities smaller than 0.1 μL of ignitable liquid residue from a sample. 4.2.1 Actual recovery will vary, depending on several factors, including adsorption temperature, container size, and competition from the sample matrix. “This is a potentially destructive technique.” Portions of the sample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable for re-sampling. Therefore, a portion of the sample extract should be saved for potential future analysis. Consider using passive headspace concentration as described in Practice E 1412.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using the absorption/elution method of headspace concentration.1.2 Both positive and negative pressure systems are described.1.3 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration

ASTM E1618-06e1 用气相色谱度谱术对火焰碎片样品提炼物中可燃液体残留物的标准试验方法

The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support the field investigatorrsquo;opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of the fire. 4.1.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation may reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues. 4.1.2 Due to the volatility of ignitable liquids and to variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene. Materials normally found in a building, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, will form pyrolysis and combustion products. Extracted ion profiling and target compound identification techniques described herein may facilitate the identification of an ignitable liquid in the extract by reducing interference by components generated as products of pyrolysis. 1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents.1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis products. This guide is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM E1618-06 用气相色谱度谱术对火焰碎片样品提炼物中可燃液体残留物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents.1.2 Although this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis products. This guide is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM E1388-05 从火烧瓦砾样品中进行液上蒸气取样的标准实施规程

This procedure is particularly useful for screening fire debris samples to determine relative ignitable liquid concentrations and possible ignitable liquid class prior to extraction with other techniques. This practice is useful when volatile oxygenated products such as alcohols or lacquer thinners are suspected. This practice is the least sensitive of the sample preparation techniques and may not detect quantities of less than 10 μL of petroleum product. Because this separation takes place in a closed container, the sample remains in approximately the same condition in which it was submitted. Repeat and interlaboratory analyses are therefore possible. Due to variables in the debris sample condition prior to headspace sampling, complete reproducibility of chromatograms may be difficult to obtain. 4.5.1 To obtain greater reproducibility, use one of the separation procedures which results in a solution of the flammable or combustible liquid residue (see Practices E 1385, E 1386, E 1412, and E 1413.) High concentrations of highly volatile compounds may swamp the headspace, inhibiting the recovery of less volatile components.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liguid residue from samples of fire debris by sampling the headspace of the debris container. 1.2 Separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (See Practices E1385, E1386, E1412, and E1413.) 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling of Headspace Vapors from Fire Debris Samples

ASTM E1618-01 用气相色谱度谱术对火焰碎片样品提炼物中可燃液体残留物的标准试验方法

1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents.1.2 While this test method is suitable for all samples, it is especially appropriate for extracts that contain high background levels of substrate materials or pyrolysis products. This guide is also suitable for the identification of single compounds, simple mixtures, or non-petroleum based ignitable liquids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

ASTM E1412-00(2005) 通过被动焦炭被动顶部浓度将火焰残渣样品中的点燃液体残留物分离出来的标准操作

1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using an adsorbent material to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample, then eluting the adsorbent with a solvent. 1.2 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample. 1.2.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this practice is essentially nondestructive. 1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (see Practices). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Separation of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Passive Headspace Concentration With Activated Charcoal

ASTM E1388-00(2005) 从火烧瓦砾样品中进行液上蒸气取样的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liguid residue from samples of fire debris by sampling the headspace of the debris container. 1.2 Separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (See Practices E1385, E1386, E1412, and E1413.) 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Sampling of Headspace Vapors from Fire Debris Samples

ASTM E1413-00 用吸附管上的动态顶空浓度从燃烧碎片样品中分离可燃液体残留物的标准实施规程

1.1 This practice describes the procedure for separation of small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples using the absorption/elution method of headspace concentration.1.2 Both positive and negative pressure systems are described.1.3 While this practice is suitable for successfully extracting ignitable liquid residues over the entire range of concentration, the headspace concentration methods are best used when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Practice for Separation and Concentration of Ignitable Liquid Residues from Fire Debris Samples by Dynamic Headspace Concentration